To test protocols for reconstruction of missing data in fossil skulls a half cranium of a chimpanzee (top left) was warped to fit that of a human to produce a deformed chimpanzee mesh (top right). From middle left the left facial region of the original human mesh was merged with the deformed chimpanzee mesh to produce a combined mesh that was 85% warped chimpanzee and 15% human (middle row - right). Stress distributions in Finite Element Models based on this combined mesh were almost identical to those in an FEM of the unaltered human. Bottom row: 3D virtual reconstruction of nutcracker man (left) and FEM of same with simulated musculature.
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